One of the potential sources of rareearth elements (REE) is the industrial waste known as red mud (bauxite residue), in which the majority of REE from the initial bauxite are concentrated via the Bayer process. Therefore, the studies of the subject, both in Russia and outside, focus almost exclusively on red mud processing. This article looks into the possibility of REE concentration into red ...
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1. Introduction. Red mud (RM) is a waste generated during bauxite processing for alumina production. The most common method for bauxite processing is the Bayer process, where raw material is digested under high pressure by NaOH to obtain a pregnant sodium aluminate solution [].During highpressure leaching, nonsoluble elements such as iron, titanium, and refractory or precipitated during ...
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In the extraction of aluminium, the significance of leaching is to concentrate pure alumina (AL2O3) from bauxite ore. Bauxite usually contains silica, iron oxide, and titanium oxide as impurities. In the process of leaching, alumina is concentrated by digesting the powdered ore with a concentrated solution of NaOH at 473523K and 3536 bar.
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Aluminum Production. Alton T. Tabereaux, Ray D. Peterson, in Treatise on Process Metallurgy: Industrial Processes, 2014 Impact of Different Bauxites on the Bayer Process. The Bayer process is basically used for the extraction of aluminum hydrate from the bauxite ores with the mass ratio of alumina to silica (A/S) above 9. The sinter process is widely used to process the poorgrade ...
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The doublecycle process is pressure leaching of hydrochloric acid—extraction and separation of leaching solution—direct pyrolysis of aluminum chloride solution for producing alumina. Firstly, highiron bauxite is used as raw material to extract aluminum and iron elements in it by hydrochloric acid leaching.
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To prevent this, a desilication process to reduce the amount of silicon in solution is conducted prior to precipitating hydrated alumina. In the Bayer process, bauxite ores are pressure leached at a high temperature (100250 °C) using sodium hydroxide solution. The leachate solution is then cooled and seeded to precipitate alumina hydrates.
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In the leaching process, various leaching temperatures and time, lime addition amounts and Na 2 O concentrations were studied, and the alumina dissolution ratio and the iron content in the red mud were also investigated to determine the better dissolution conditions. Typically, a certain amount of bauxite powder and lime were mixed with a ...
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Recycling a ton of aluminum requires only about 5 percent of the energy and saves almost nine tons of bauxite from being hauled from mines. Even antiplastics campaigners agree that recycling ...
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However, high alumina in the bauxite residue increases the flux and acid consumption. Therefore, alumina needs to be removed by alkali roasting prior to smelting in order to decrease the flux and acid consumption. The alkali roastingsmeltingleaching process allows recovery of aluminum, iron, titanium, and REEs from bauxite residue.
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This study investigates applying the principles of the longdiscontinued Pedersen process as a possible route for producing metallurgical grade alumina from lowgrade and secondary feed materials. The investigation focused on the hydrometallurgical steps in the process, namely leaching, desilication, and precipitation, and adapting it to valorize bauxite residue. The test material used was a ...
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Bauxite residue, known as red mud, is a byproduct of alumina production using the Bayer process. Currently, its total global storage amounts to over billion tons, including about 600 million tons in Russia. The total global storage of red mud occupies large areas, leading to environmental damage and increasing environmental risks. Moreover, it contains a significant amount of sodium ...
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Red mud, also referred to as bauxite residue, is the largest process waste produced during alumina production from bauxite ore by the Bayer method. Approximately 12 tons of red mud are produced ...
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Because the water leaching process does not consume additional reagents, it is economical. Still, this process is timeconsuming because longterm leaching and repeated dealkalization are necessary for the water leaching process. ... Red mud is a solid waste produced in the process of alumina prodn. from bauxite following the Bayer process ...
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The Bayer process is the main method of alumina production worldwide. The use of lowquality bauxites for alumina production results in the formation of a significant amount of technogenic waste—bauxite residue (BR). The Bayer reductive method is one possible way to eliminate BR stockpiling, but it requires highpressure leaching at temperatures higher than 220 °C.
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Introduction. Bauxite is the major ore for aluminum production. Alumina is extracted from bauxite by the Bayer process. The waste slurry generated in this process is called red mud and its solid fraction is called bauxite residue. About 12 metric tonnes of bauxite residue is generated for each tonne of alumina produced (Kumar et al., 2006).
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Depending on the quality of bauxite, the amount of RM generated varies between 55 and 65% of the bauxite processed. Roughly Mg of RM are produced for each Mg of alumina and consequently ...
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DOI: /materproc Corpus ID: ; The Efficient Use of Sulfuric Acid in Bauxite Residue Leaching article{Toli2023TheEU, title={The Efficient Use of Sulfuric Acid in Bauxite Residue Leaching}, author={Aikaterini Toli and Dimis Kotsanis and Maria Psoma and Danai Marinos and Panagiotis Davris and Efthymios Balomenos and Dimis Panias}, journal={RawMat 2023}, year ...
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1 Citations Abstract Using ammonium bisulfate solution to extract alumina from low grade bauxite process was developed. Most alumina and ferric oxide of the bauxite was leached into the solution. All of silica was retained in solid phase. The separation of aluminum and silicon was realized by this method.
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The major commercial technology for the production of smelter grade alumina has conventionally been the Bayer process which converts bauxite ore, an aluminum containing ore which typically contains about 50 % Al 2 O 3, into smelter grade alumina that contains over % Al 2 O potential source of aluminum that is receiving renewed attention is coal fly ash (CFA), which is a by ...
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Bauxite mine tailings can be used as the reserve resources of aluminium and lithium. In this study, a less energy consumption treatment method for extracting aluminium and lithium from bauxite mine tailings has been proposed, which used mixed acid to leach aluminium and lithium from tailings directly, avoided roasting for reducing energy consumption, and obtained effective minerals ...
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Experimental Method. In this study, the recovery of precious metals from bauxite ore was examined by a twostage leaching process. The stages of this process were Stage I: Removing iron to a large extent and revealing the solubility conditions of titanium by treating the bauxite ore with oxalic acid, Stage II: Determining the recovery conditions of aluminum from the residue obtained after the ...
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The excessive production of bauxite residue (red mud) in the Bayer process is one of the major challenges amongst alumina producers. The Pedersen process is known as a combination of smelting reduction of bauxite and leaching treatment of the produced slag for alumina production, and the process also produces an inert bauxite residue (grey mud), which is more suitable for further processing ...
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Aluminum dross samples were found to approximately contain 75wt% Al2O3 and 12wt% SiO2. An acid dissolution process was used to recover the alumina value from the dross. The effects of various parameters,, temperature, acid concentration, and leaching time, on the extraction of alumina were studied to optimize the dissolution process.
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K. V. Chudnenko Russian Academy of Sciences Abstract A process of dissolution Severoonezhsk deposit boehmitekaolinite bauxite by hydrochloric acid, as well as the processes that occur during...
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The reagent used to leach alumina from bauxite in Bayer's process is: Q. Assertion :Alumina is leached from bauxite using caustic soda Reason: Leaching is used when ore alone but not gangue is soluble in a suitable solvent. Q.
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More than 95% of the global alumina production (134 million tons) in 2021 was from bauxite processed through the Bayer process [ 2 ]. The global reserves of bauxite ore are estimated between 55 and 75 billion tons and are sufficient to meet the world demand well into the future [ 3 ].
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A commercially successful process for extracting alumina from bauxite or clay must show a good extraction of highquality alumina and must include the recovery of much of the soda used. ... Ammonium sulphate formed in the last step is recycled and the aluminum hydroxide calcined to alumina. Sulphuric acid leaching process.Several acid ...
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The Bayer process holds an exclusive status for alumina extraction, but a massive amount of caustic "red mud" waste is generated. In this work, three oxalate reagents: potassium hydrogen oxalate (KHC 2 O 4), potassium tetraoxalate (KHC 2 O 4 ·H 2 C 2 O 4), and oxalic acid (H 2 C 2 O 4) were investigated for the Al and Fe extraction process from NIST SRM 600 AustralianDarling range ...
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A material supplier from Belgium would like to produce limestone powder for his custome...
India is rich in various mineral resources and it is an important mineral processing market
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